captain jack

If one was wishing to recreate the two sides in the Lava bed wars then easy modifications would be the step, theres not much difference between them and ordinary indians except that they tended to wear hats usually captured from the army.The Modoc War, or Modoc Campaign (also known as the Lava Beds War), was an armed conflict between the Native American Modoc tribe and the United States Army in southern Oregon and northern California from 1872–1873.^] The Modoc War was the last of the Indian Wars to occur in California or Oregon. Eadweard Muybridge photographed the early part of the campaign.

Captain Jack led 52 warriors in a band of more than 150 Modoc people who left the Klamath Reservation. Occupying defensive positions throughout the lava beds south of Tule Lake, for months those few warriors successfully waged a guerrilla war against hundreds of United States Army forces sent against them and reinforced with artillery. In April 1873, Captain Jack and others killed General Edward Canby and another peace commissioner, and wounded others.

After more warfare with reinforcements of US forces, finally some Modoc warriors surrendered, and Captain Jack and the last of his band were captured. Jack and five warriors several leaders were tried for the murder of two peace commissioners; Jack and three warriors were executed and two others sentenced for life imprisonment. The remaining 153 Modoc of the band were sent toIndian Territory, where they were held as prisoners of war until 1909. Some at that point returned to the Klamath Reservation, but most (and their descendants) stayed in what was then the state of Oklahoma. As a result, there are federally recognized Modoc tribes in Oregon and Oklahoma today.The specific events go back to 1852. Although the Modoc initially had no trouble with European Americans, after the murders of settlers in a raid by the Pit River Tribe, European-American militia, not familiar with the Indian (the California Volunteer Militia was in fact nothing more than an armed mob.)peoples, in revenge attacked an innocent Modoc village, killing men, women and children. (Kintpuash, the future ((theer Militia was in fact nothing more than an armed mob.)chief also known as Captain Jack, survived the attack but lost some of his family.) In retaliation and to try to end European-American encroachment, some Modoc chose to attack the next whites they came across; they killed 65 white emigrants in a wagon train at what became known as Bloody Point.In another round of retaliation, California militia led by Ben Wright killed 41 Modoc at a peace parley.

Rounds of hostilities continued in the area until 1864, with warriors of the Klamath and the Yahooskin, a band of Shoshone, also attacking settlers and migrants in their turns. The United States and the Klamath, Modoc, and Shoshone (Yahooskin band) tribes signed a treaty, by which the Indians ceded millions of acres of lands and the US established the Klamath Reservation, within the boundaries of present-day Oregon. Under the treaty terms, the Modoc, with Old Chief Schonchin as their leader, gave up their lands in the Lost River, Tule Lakeand Lower Klamath Lake regions of California, and moved to a reservation in the Upper Klamath River Valley.

Reluctant to leave their territory, the Modoc finally relocated in 1869 following a council between Captain Jack (also known as Kintpuash), a Modoc leader; Alfred B. Meacham, US Superintendent of Indian Affairs for Oregon; O.C. Knapp, US Indian agent on the reservation; Ivan D. Applegate, sub-agent at Yainax on the reservation; and W.C. McKay. Meacham was from Oregon, and knew Captain Jack and the Modoc. When soldiers suddenly appeared at the meeting, the Modoc warriors fled, leaving behind their women and children. Meacham placed the women and children in wagons and started for the reservation. He allowed "Queen Mary", Captain Jack's sister, to go meet with Captain Jack to persuade him to move to the reservation. She succeeded. Once on the reservation, Captain Jack and his band prepared to make their permanent home at Modoc Point.